4th September 2025: COMET Event Response Report 1.9 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: This event response report was produced to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts. It represents best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, which may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation.
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Dates Covered: 15 Feb – 2 Aug 2025
Authors: Lin Way (Bristol), Edna Dualeh (Bristol), Weiyu Zheng (Bristol), Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds), Elias Lewi (Addis Ababa University)
Reviewed by: Julia Crummy (BGS)
Data used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the COMET LICSAR system
- Copernicus Sentinel-2 imagery
- MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observations of Volcanic Activity) provide detections of VIIRS thermal hotspots
8th August 2025: COMET Event Response Report 2.3 – Erta Ale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: This event response report was produced to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts. It represents best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, which may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation.
Area of Interest: Erta Ale Volcano, Ethiopia
Dates Covered: 21 July – 3 Aug 2025
Authors: Edna Dualeh (Bristol), Lin Way (Bristol), Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds), Elias Lewi (Addis Ababa University)
Reviewed by: Sue Loughlin (BGS)
Data used:
- InSAR and SAR backscatter images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellites, processed using the COMET LiCSAR system
- Copernicus Sentinel-2 imagery
- MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observations of Volcanic Activity) provide detections of VIIRS thermal hotspots
31st July 2025: COMET Event Response Report 2.2 – Erta Ale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: This event response report was produced to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts. It represents best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, which may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation.
Area of Interest: Erta Ale Volcano, Ethiopia
Dates Covered: 21 – 30 July 2025
Authors: Edna Dualeh (Bristol), Lin Way (Bristol), Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds), Raphael Grandin (IPGP, Université Paris Cité), Ben Esse (Manchester), Mike
Burton (Manchester), Elias Lewi (Addis Ababa University)
Reviewed by: Sue Loughlin (BGS) and Julia Crummy (BGS).
Data used:
- InSAR and SAR backscatter images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellites, processed using the COMET LiCSAR system
- High-resolution optical imagery collected by the PlanetScope satellites of the Planet Lab constellation. PlanetScope SuperDove products are copyright of Planet company, provided by R. Grandin (IPGP) under “Education and Researc Standard License n°81527”.
- Copernicus Sentinel-2 imagery, and Sentinel-5P TROPOMI SO2 retrievals, VolcPlume portal and SO2 Flux Calculator tool
- MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observations of Volcanic Activity) provide detections of VIIRS thermal hotspots
24th July 2025: COMET Event Response Report 2.1 – Erta Ale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: This event response report was produced to assist situational awareness and rapid response eJorts. It represents best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, which may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation.
Area of Interest: Erta Ale Volcano, Ethiopia
Date Covered: 10 – 21 July 2025
Authors: Edna Dualeh (Bristol), Lin Way (Bristol), Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds), Alessandro La Rosa (University of Pisa), Carolina Pagli (University of Pisa),
Derek Keir (University of Southampton, University of Florence), Raphael Grandin (IPGP, Université Paris Cité), Ben Esse (Manchester), Mike Burton (Manchester), Elias Lewi (Addis
Ababa University), Atalay Ayele (Addis Ababa University).
Reviewed by: Sue Loughlin (BGS), Sophie Butcher (BGS) and Lara Smale (BGS)
Data used:
- InSAR and SAR backscatter images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellites, processed using the COMET LiCSAR system and ISCE2 (InSAR Scientific Computing Environment v2)
- Copernicus Sentinel-2 optical and SWIR imagery, and Sentinel-5P TROPOMI SO2 retrievals, VolcPlume portal and SO2 Flux Calculator tool
- High-resolution optical imagery collected by the PlanetScope satellites of the Planet Lab constellation. PlanetScope SuperDove products are copyright of Planet company, provided by R. Grandin (IPGP) under “Education and Research Standard License n°81527”.
- MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observations of Volcanic Activity) provide detections of VIIRS thermal hotspots
- Continuous seismic data from FURI (near Addis Ababa) and ATD (Djibouti) available in near real time from the Earthscope Data Management Center (DMC). ATD seismic station is from the GEOSCOPE network (Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP) and Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre de Strasbourg (EOST), 1982)
13th March 2025: COMET Event Response Report 1.8 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: These event response reports are designed to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts, and represent best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, and may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Date Covered: 15 February – 11 March 2025
Authors: Lin Way (Bristol), Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds)
Reviewed by: Sue Loughlin (BGS), Julia Crummy (BGS)
Data Used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using
- the COMET LICSAR system
- USGS Earthquake Catalogue
18th February 2025: COMET_Event Response Report 1.7 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: These event response reports are designed to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts, and represent best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, and may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Date Covered: 14 January – 16 February 2025
Authors: Lin Way (Bristol), Weiyu Zheng (Bristol), Edna Dualeh (Bristol), Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds), Raphael Grandin (IPGP), Arthur Hauck (IPGP)
Reviewed by: Sue Loughlin (BGS), Julia Crummy (BGS)
Data Used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the COMET LICSAR system
- InSAR and SAR backscatter images acquired by the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and COSMO-SkyMed 2nd generation (CSG) satellites, provided through the CEOS GVEWERS programme and processed at the University of Bristol using GAMMA.
- Digital Surface Model (DSM) based on the DSM-OPT webservice developed and performed by FormaTerre, Solid Earth component of the Data Terra Research Infrasctructure. Pléiades images were provided under the CIEST2 (CNESFormaTerre) initiative (image Pléiades ©CNES2025, distribution AIRBUS DS). This dataset is licenced under CC BY-NC 4.0.
- USGS Earthquake Catalogue
5th February 2025: COMET Event Response Report 1.6 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: These event response reports are designed to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts, and represent best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, and may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation
Issued: 10.00 GMT, 5th February 2025
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Dates Covered: 22 January – 3 February 2025
Authors: Lin Way (Bristol), Weiyu Zheng (Bristol), Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds)
Data Used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the COMET LICSAR system
- InSAR images acquired by the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) satellite, provided through the CEOS GVEWERS programme and processed at the University of Bristol using GAMMA.
- USGS Earthquake Catalogue
29th January 2025: COMET Event Response Report 1.5 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: These event response reports are designed to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts, and represent best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, and may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation
Issued: 17.00 GMT, 29th January 2025
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Dates Covered: 10 January 2025 – 25 January 2025
Authors: Lin Way (Bristol), Weiyu Zheng (Bristol), Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds)
Data Used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the COMET LICSAR system
- InSAR images acquired by the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) satellite, provided through the CEOS GVEWERS programme and processed at the University of Bristol using GAMMA.
- USGS Earthquake Catalogue
14th January 2025: COMET Event Response Report 1.4 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: These event response reports are designed to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts, and represent best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, and may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation
Issued: 16.00 GMT, 14th January 2025
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Dates Covered: 05 December 2024 – 10 January 2025
Authors: Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Lin Way (Bristol), Weiyu Zheng (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds)
Data Used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the COMET LICSAR system
- InSAR images acquired by the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) satellite, provided through the CEOS GVEWERS programme and processed at the University of Bristol using GAMMA.
- USGS Earthquake Catalogue
6th January 2025: COMET Event Response Report 1.3 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: These event response reports are designed to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts, and represent best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, and may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation
Issued: 14.00 GMT, 6th January 2025
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Dates Covered: 22nd October 2024 – 3rd January 2025
Authors: Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Lin Way (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Tim Wright (Leeds), Sue Loughlin (BGS)
Data Used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the COMET LICSAR system
- USGS Earthquake Catalogue
22nd October 2024: COMET Event Response Report 1.2 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: These event response reports are designed to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts, and represent best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, and may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation
Issued: 17.00 BST, 22nd October 2024
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Dates Covered: 8-22th October 2024
Authors: Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Lin Way (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds), Weiyu Zheng (Bristol), Tim Wright (Leeds), Andy Hooper (Leeds)
Data Used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the COMET LICSAR system;
- InSAR images acquired by the CosmoSkyMed satellite, provides through the CEOS GVEWERS programme and processed at the University of Bristol using ISCE2;
- USGS Earthquake Catalogue.
8th October 2024: COMET Event Response Report 1.1 – Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Purpose/Caveats: These event response reports are designed to assist situational awareness and rapid response efforts, and represent best endeavours at the time of issue. Analysis and interpretation of the data is preliminary, and may not reflect the most up-to-date or complete information due to the evolving situation
Issued: 18.00 BST 8th October 2024
Area of Interest: Fentale Volcano, Ethiopia
Date Covered: 12th September 2024-8th October 2024
Authors: Juliet Biggs (Bristol), Lin Way (Bristol), Milan Lazecky (Leeds)
Data Used:
- InSAR images collected by the European Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the COMET LICSAR system;
- USGS Earthquake Catalogue.