Wright et al. (2012) summarises deformation at Krafla: “From 1975 to 1984, around 20 dyke intrusions occurred in the Krafla spreading centre generating earthquake swarms, surface faulting and widening. Cumulative widening averaged to 4–5 m, corresponding to 2–2.5 centuries of long-term spreading.
Each dyke event was directly correlated with activity within the Krafla caldera, where subsidence occurred as the dyke propagated laterally away from the caldera at rates of 0.2–0.6 m s⁻¹ . Between dyking events, seismicity was mostly confined to the caldera, which uplifted at a rate of up to 6 mm day⁻¹, fastest immediately following a dyke intrusion and gradually slowing down”.