Webinar Series 2024
13th November 2024, 16:00 UK time
Stanley Yip, University of Leeds
Integrating measurements of deformation and degassing offers insights into magma compressibility and magmatic systems
Please register at: https://bristol-ac-uk.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_DxXqtOBMSneFfY1MsLcF2Q
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Abstract
Integrating multi-parameter observations of volcanic eruptions has improved our understanding of magma storage conditions, but we still lack quantitative models. Here we use petrological data and thermodynamics to model magmatic gas content, deformation and SO₂ emissions. We calculate the weight fraction of the exsolved volatile species using solubility laws and partitioning models to estimate the total gas mass fraction and the mass fraction of SO₂ in the reservoir. The exsolved volatile phase increases magma compressibility, which decreases the reservoir volume change during eruption. We then perform sensitivity analyses to explore the effects of changing magmatic volatile content (H₂O, CO₂, S), oxygen fugacity and pre-eruptive exsolved volatile segregation (e.g., exsolved volatile accumulation at the reservoir roof, or the formation of a ‘degassed plug’) on deformation and degassing of magmas. Our model shows that 1) magmatic H₂O content is the dominant control on compressibility and therefore ground deformation, 2) magmatic S content is the dominant control on SO₂ flux, and 3) rhyolitic eruptions are likely to show less co-eruptive deformation than basaltic eruptions. Comparison to compilation of 25 eruptions shows that while shallow reservoir depths promote gas exsolution and thus suppress the volume changes, additional factors modulate this, namely magmatic H₂O content and pre-eruptive gas segregation.
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